Jump to content

Germanwings Flight 9525

Coordinates: 44°16′48″N 6°26′20″E / 44.280083°N 6.438750°E / 44.280083; 6.438750
This is a good article. Click here for more information.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Germanwings Flight 9525
A jet aircraft taking off, nose up, viewed from the side, the livery spelling out "Germanwings"
D-AIPX, the aircraft involved, pictured here in June 2014
Accident
Date24 March 2015
SummarySuicide by pilot
SiteNicholas Road, Prads-Haute-Bléone, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France
44°16′48″N 6°26′20″E / 44.280083°N 6.438750°E / 44.280083; 6.438750
Aircraft
Aircraft typeAirbus A320-211
OperatorGermanwings
IATA flight No.4U9525[a]
ICAO flight No.GWI18G[1]
Call signGERMANWINGS 18 GOLF
RegistrationD-AIPX
Flight originBarcelona–El Prat Airport, Barcelona, Spain
DestinationDüsseldorf Airport, Düsseldorf, Germany
Occupants150
Passengers144
Crew6
Fatalities150
Survivors0

Germanwings Flight 9525[1] was a scheduled international passenger flight from Barcelona–El Prat Airport in Spain to Düsseldorf Airport in Germany. The flight was operated by Germanwings, a low-cost carrier owned by the German airline Lufthansa. On 24 March 2015, the aircraft, an Airbus A320-211, crashed 100 km (62 mi; 54 nmi) north-west of Nice in the French Alps, killing all 150 people on board.[2][3]

The crash was deliberately caused by the co-pilot, Andreas Lubitz, who had previously been treated for suicidal tendencies and declared unfit to work by his doctor. Lubitz kept this information from his employer and instead reported for duty. Shortly after reaching cruise altitude and while the captain was out of the cockpit, Lubitz locked the cockpit door and initiated a controlled descent that continued until the aircraft hit a mountainside.[4][5]

Aviation authorities swiftly implemented new recommendations from the European Union Aviation Safety Agency that required two authorised personnel in the cockpit at all times but, by 2017, Germanwings and other German airlines had dropped the rule.

The Lubitz family held a press conference on 24 March 2017 (the 2nd anniversary of the crash) during which Lubitz's father said that they did not accept the official investigative findings that his son deliberately caused the crash. By 2017, Lufthansa had paid €75,000 to the family of every victim, as well as €10,000 in pain and suffering compensation to every close relative of a victim.

Flight

[edit]
A map of the Mediterranean Sea, off the cost of Spain and France, with a red line connecting Barcelona on the left to a crash mark in the upper right, just north of the French coastline
Flight path
An altitude chart with a red line curving steadily upwards, then suddenly straight down
Altitude chart (metres)[6][7]

Germanwings Flight 9525 took off from Runway 06R at Barcelona–El Prat Airport on 24 March 2015 at 10:01 am CET (09:01 UTC), 26 minutes behind schedule.[8] It was due to arrive at Düsseldorf Airport by 11:39 CET.[2][9] According to the French national civil aviation inquiries bureau, the Bureau of Enquiry and Analysis for Civil Aviation Safety (BEA),[10] the pilots confirmed instructions from French air traffic control at 10:30 CET.

At 10:31 CET, after crossing the French coast near Toulon, the aircraft left its assigned cruising altitude of 38,000 ft (11,600 m) and without approval began to descend rapidly. The air traffic controller declared the aircraft in distress after its descent and loss of radio contact.[11][12][13]

The descent time from 38,000 ft was about 10 minutes; radar observed an average descent rate around 3,400 ft/min (58 ft/s (18 m/s)).[14] Attempts by French air traffic control to contact the flight on the assigned radio frequency were not answered. A French military Mirage jet was scrambled from the Orange-Caritat Air Base to intercept the aircraft.[15][16] Radar contact was lost at 10:40 CET; at the time, the aircraft had descended to 6,175 feet (1,880 m),[17] and crashed in the remote commune of Prads-Haute-Bléone, 100 km (62 mi; 54 nmi) north-west of Nice.[18][19][20][21] A seismological station of the Sismalp network, the Grenoble Observatory, 12 km (7.5 mi; 6.5 nmi) from the crash site, recorded the associated seismic event, determining the impact time as 10:41:05 CET.[22]

Crash site

[edit]
Two barren, grey granite peaks rising from a ridge, against the blue sky
The Massif des Trois-Évêchés, where the crash site lies

The crash site is within the Massif des Trois-Évêchés, 3 km (1.9 mi; 1.6 nmi) east of the settlement Le Vernet and beyond the road to the Col de Mariaud, in an area known as the Ravin du Rosé.[23] The aircraft crashed on the southern side of the Tête du Travers,[24] a minor peak in the lower western slopes of the Tête de l'Estrop, at an elevation of 1,550 m (5,085.3 ft).[1]: 28  The aircraft was travelling at 700 km/h (380 kn; 435 mph) when it struck the mountain.[25] The site is about 10 km (6 mi; 5 nmi) west of Mount Cimet, where Air France Flight 178 crashed in 1953.[26][27]

Gendarmerie nationale and Sécurité Civile sent helicopters to locate the wreckage.[28] The aircraft had disintegrated; the largest piece of wreckage was the size of a car.[7] A helicopter landed near the crash site; its personnel confirmed that there were no survivors.[29] The search and rescue team reported the debris field covered 2 km2 (500 acres).[20]

Aircraft

[edit]

The aircraft involved was an Airbus A320-211,[b] serial number 147, registered as D-AIPX.[1]: 18  The aircraft had accumulated about 58,300 flight hours on 46,700 flights.[30]

People on board by citizenship[12]
Citizenship No. Ref.
Germany[c] 72 [32]
Spain 49 [33]
Argentina 3 [34]
Kazakhstan 3 [35]
United Kingdom[d] 3 [38]
United States 3 [39]
Australia 2 [40]
Colombia 2 [41]
Iran 2 [42]
Japan 2 [43]
Mexico[e] 2 [45]
Morocco 2 [46]
Venezuela 2 [47]
Belgium 1 [48]
Chile 1 [49]
Denmark 1 [50]
France 1
India 1
Israel 1 [51]
Netherlands 1 [52]
Some passengers had multiple citizenship. Counts are based on preliminary data and do not total 150.

During its final flight, the aircraft was carrying 144 passengers and six crew (two pilots and four cabin crew members)[2][53] from at least 20 countries—mostly Germany and Spain.[12] The count was confused by the multiple citizenship status of some people on board.[54]

Passengers and crew

[edit]

Among the passengers were 16 students and 2 teachers from the Joseph-König-Gymnasium of Haltern am See, North Rhine-Westphalia. They were returning home from a student exchange with the Giola Institute in Llinars del Vallès, Barcelona.[55] Haltern's mayor, Bodo Klimpel, described the crash as "the darkest day in the history of [the] town".[56] Bass-baritone Oleg Bryjak and contralto Maria Radner, singers with Deutsche Oper am Rhein, were also on the flight.[57][58]

The flight's pilot in command was 34-year-old Captain Patrick Sondenheimer,[59] who had 10 years' experience (6,000 flight hours, including 3,812 hours on the Airbus A320)[18] flying A320s for Germanwings, Lufthansa, and Condor.[60][13] The co-pilot was 27-year-old Andreas Lubitz,[61] who joined Germanwings in September 2013 and had 630 flying hours, 540 of them on the Airbus A320.[62][63]

Andreas Lubitz

[edit]

Co-pilot Andreas Günter Lubitz,[64] born on 18 December 1987, was raised in Neuburg an der Donau, Bavaria,[65] and Montabaur in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.[60] He took flying lessons at Luftsportclub Westerwald, an aviation sports club in Montabaur.[60][66]

Lubitz was accepted into a Lufthansa trainee programme after finishing high school. In September 2008, he began training at the Lufthansa Flight Training school in Bremen, Germany.[1][60] He suspended his pilot training in November 2008 after being hospitalised for a severe episode of depression. After his psychiatrist determined that the depressive episode was fully resolved, Lubitz returned to the Lufthansa school in August 2009.[1][67][68][69][70] Lubitz moved to the United States in November 2010 to continue training at the Lufthansa Airline Training Center in Goodyear, Arizona.[71][72] From June 2011 to December 2013, he worked as a flight attendant for Lufthansa while training to obtain his commercial pilot's licence,[60][66] and joined Germanwings as a first officer in June 2014.[1]

Investigation

[edit]

The French Bureau of Enquiry and Analysis for Civil Aviation Safety (BEA) opened an investigation into the crash; it was joined by its German counterpart, the Federal Bureau of Aircraft Accident Investigation (BFU). The BEA investigation was led by Arnaud Desjardin and was assisted by the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation.[73][74][75] Hours after the crash, the BEA sent seven investigators to the site; these were accompanied by representatives from Airbus and CFM International. The cockpit voice recorder, which was damaged but still functional, was recovered by rescue workers and examined by the investigation team.[76][77][78][79] The following week, Brice Robin, the government prosecutor based in Marseille, announced that the flight data recorder, blackened by fire but still usable, had also been found.[80][81] Investigators isolated 150 sets of DNA, which were compared with the DNA of the victims' families.[82][83]

Cause of crash

[edit]

According to French and German prosecutors, the crash was deliberately caused by the co-pilot, Andreas Lubitz.[84][85][86] Robin said Lubitz was courteous to Captain Sondenheimer during the first part of the flight, then became "curt" when the captain began the midflight briefing on the planned landing.[25] Robin said that when the captain left the cockpit, possibly to use the toilet, Lubitz locked the door and overrode the door code from the inside, preventing anyone from entering.[84][85][87][88][89][90] The captain requested re-entry using the intercom; he knocked and then banged on the door, but received no response.[91] The captain then tried to break down the door, but like most cockpit doors made after the September 11 attacks, it had been reinforced to prevent intrusion.[10][68][92][93] During the descent, the co-pilot did not respond to questions from Marseille air traffic control, nor did he transmit a distress call.[94] Robin said contact from the air traffic control tower, the captain's attempts to break in, and Lubitz's steady breathing were audible on the cockpit voice recording.[85][95] The screams of passengers in the last moments before impact were also heard on the recording.[25][96]

After their initial analysis of the aircraft's flight data recorder, the BEA concluded that Lubitz had made flight control inputs that led to the crash. He had set the autopilot to descend to 100 ft (30 m) and accelerated the speed of the descending aircraft several times thereafter.[97][98] The BEA preliminary report into the crash was published six weeks later, on 6 May 2015. It confirmed the initial analysis of the aircraft's flight data recorder and revealed that during the earlier outbound Flight 9524 from Düsseldorf to Barcelona, Lubitz had practised setting the autopilot altitude dial to 100 ft several times while the captain was out of the cockpit.[99][100]

The BEA final report into the crash was published on 13 March 2016. The report confirmed the findings made in the preliminary report and concluded that Lubitz had deliberately crashed the aircraft as a suicidal murder. The report stated:[1]

The collision with the ground was due to the deliberate and planned action of the co-pilot, who decided to commit suicide while alone in the cockpit. The process for medical certification of pilots, in particular self-reporting in case of a decrease in medical fitness between two periodic medical evaluations, did not succeed in preventing the co-pilot, who was experiencing mental disorder with psychotic symptoms, from exercising the privilege of his license.

— Causes, BEA Final Report

Investigation of Lubitz

[edit]

Three days after the crash, German detectives searched Lubitz's Montabaur properties and removed a computer and other items for testing. They did not find a suicide note nor any evidence that his actions had been motivated by "a political or religious background".[101][102][103] During their search of Lubitz's apartment, detectives found a letter written by a doctor indicating Lubitz had been declared unfit to work. Germanwings stated it had not received a sick note from Lubitz for the day of the flight. News accounts said Lubitz was "hiding an illness from his employers".[104][105][106][107][108] Under German law, employers do not have access to employees' medical records, and sick notes excusing people from work do not give information about medical conditions,[109] so employers must rely on employees to declare their lack of work fitness.[73][110][111]

The following day, authorities again searched Lubitz's home where they found evidence he suffered from a psychosomatic illness and was taking prescription drugs.[112][113] Criminal investigators said Lubitz's web searches on his tablet computer in the days leading up to the crash included "ways to commit suicide" and "cockpit doors and their security provisions".[80][81][82] Robin said doctors had told him Lubitz should not have been flying, but medical secrecy requirements prevented his physician from making this information available to Germanwings.[114][115] Such secrecy should consider public safety, said BEA investigator Arnaud Desjardin.[73][110][111]

The investigation into Lubitz revealed his treatment for suicidal tendencies prior to his training as a commercial pilot, when he had been temporarily denied a US pilot's licence because of treatments for psychotic depression.[116][117][118][1] For years, Lubitz had frequently been unable to sleep because of what he believed were vision problems; he consulted over 40 doctors, fearing he was going blind.[114][115][119] Motivated by the fear that blindness would cause him to lose his pilot's licence, he began conducting online research about methods of committing suicide before deciding to crash Flight 9525.[1][60][115][119][120]

Aftermath

[edit]
An airport interior with flowers piled against a pillar
Memorial at Düsseldorf Airport

French Minister of the Interior Bernard Cazeneuve announced that due to the "violence of the impact", "little hope" existed that any survivors would be found.[121] Then-Prime Minister Manuel Valls dispatched Cazeneuve to the scene and set up a ministerial task force to coordinate the response to the incident.[122] German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier flew over the crash site, describing it as "a picture of horror".[122] German Chancellor Angela Merkel and the minister-president of North Rhine-Westphalia Hannelore Kraft travelled to the crash site the following day.[123][124] Merkel, Valls, and Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy visited the recovery operations base at Seyne-les-Alpes.[125] Bodo Klimpel, mayor of Haltern am See, reacting to the deaths of 16 students and 2 teachers from the town, said that people were shocked by the crash.[126]

A closeup of three tall flags marked with the Germanwings logo, each at half-mast
Germanwings headquarters in Cologne: flags at half-mast following loss of Flight 9525

Lufthansa chief executive officer Carsten Spohr visited the crash location the day following the crash; he said it was "the darkest day for Lufthansa in its 60-year history".[127] Several Germanwings flights were cancelled on 24 and 25 March due to the pilots' grief at the murders and at the loss of their colleagues.[128] Germanwings retired the flight number 4U9525, changing it to 4U9441; the outbound flight number was changed from 4U9524 to 4U9440.[129] In the days following the crash, Lufthansa at first said it saw no reason to change its procedures, then reversed its earlier statement by introducing a new policy across its airlines requiring the presence of two crew members in the cockpit at all times.[130][131][132]

Regulatory

[edit]

In response to the incident and the circumstances of the co-pilot's involvement, aviation authorities in some countries implemented new regulations that require the presence of two authorised personnel in the cockpit at all times.[133][88][134][135] Three days after the incident, the European Aviation Safety Agency issued a temporary recommendation for airlines to ensure that at least two crew members—including at least one pilot—were in the cockpit for the entire duration of the flight.[136] Several airlines announced that they had already adopted similar policies voluntarily.[137][138][139] But by 2016, the EASA stopped recommending the two-person rule, instead advising airlines to perform a risk assessment and decide for themselves whether to implement it.[140] Germanwings and other German airlines dropped the procedure in 2017.[141]

The British Psychological Society issued a statement offering expert support in psychological testing and monitoring of pilots.[142] The European Federation of Psychologists' Associations issued a statement supporting psychological testing in the selection of pilots, but also stated it could not forecast the life events and mental health problems of individual pilots, nor could it predict the unique ways pilots would cope with these. It said priority should be given to psychological help for relatives and friends of victims in the aftermath of a disaster.[143] CEO Spohr proposed random checks of pilots' psychological fitness and a loosening of the extant physician–patient confidentiality laws. Politicians began echoing the call to loosen the laws in exceptional cases.[144][145]

The national police force in France, the National Gendarmerie, introduced a new set of support mechanisms to minimise the psychosocial risks to relief workers who deal with events such as Flight 9525 in their daily jobs.[146]

Compensation and litigation

[edit]

Germanwings' parent company Lufthansa offered victims' families an initial aid payment up to €50,000, separate from any legally required compensation for the disaster. Elmar Giemulla, a professor of aviation law at Technische Universität Berlin quoted by the Rheinische Post, said he expected the airline would pay a total of €10–30 million in compensation. The Montreal Convention sets a per-victim cap of €143,000 in the event an airline is held liable, unless negligence can be proven.[147][148] Insurance specialists said although co-pilot Andreas Lubitz hid a serious illness from his employer and deliberately crashed the passenger aircraft, these facts would not affect the issue of compensation nor be applicable to the exclusion clause in Lufthansa's insurance policy.[147] Lufthansa's insurance company set aside US$300 million (€280 million) for financial compensation to victims' families and for the cost of the aircraft.[149][150] By 2017, Lufthansa had paid €75,000 to the family of every victim, as well as €10,000 in pain and suffering compensation to every close relative of a victim.[151]

Victim families sued the Lufthansa Airline Training Center in Arizona to obtain higher compensation, but the case was reverted to German courts in March 2017.[152] In July 2020, a court in Essen ruled against several victim families, holding that neither Lufthansa nor the training centre in Arizona could be held liable. Flight doctors who may have negligently authorised Lubitz to fly were working on behalf of the German government's flight authority, the Luftfahrt-Bundesamt.[153] The ruling was upheld on appeal in September 2021.[154] In November 2021, a coroner's inquest into the deaths of two British victims concluded with a verdict of unlawful killing.[155]

Commemorative

[edit]
Mass grave in Le Vernet cemetery for the unidentifiable remains of the victims. The names of all 149 victims are engraved on the cemetery wall.

Shortly after the crash, a memorial stone in memory of the victims was erected near the crash site in Le Vernet.[156] The following month, about 1,400 relatives of victims, senior politicians, rescue workers, and airline employees attended a memorial service at Cologne Cathedral.[157] The parents of Andreas Lubitz were invited to the service but did not attend.[158]

The remains of 15 of the 16 school children and their two teachers arrived in their home town of Haltern for burial two months after the crash. Residents held white roses as the hearses passed the children's school, where 18 trees—one for each victim—had been planted as a memorial.[159] In Düsseldorf on the same day, the remains of 44 of the 72 German victims arrived for burial. Errors on the victims' death certificates had caused a delay.[160]

In September 2017, a sculpture called Sonnenkugel ("Sunsphere") was installed at the site of the crash. The sculpture consists of 149 gold-coloured aluminium plates which form a sphere around a crystal-shaped column. The column holds 149 wooden spheres, which in turn hold personal mementos provided by the victims' family members.[161][162]

Second anniversary

[edit]

The Lubitz family held a press conference on 24 March 2017, two years to the day after the crash. Lubitz's father said the family did not accept the official investigative findings that Andreas Lubitz deliberately caused the crash or that he had been depressed at the time. Aviation journalist Tim van Beveren published a report which asserted that Lubitz could have fallen unconscious, that the cockpit door lock had malfunctioned on previous flights, and that potentially dangerous turbulence had been reported in the area on the day of the crash. Van Beveren had been commissioned by the family and was present at the press conference. The timing of the press conference by Lubitz's father, on the anniversary of the crash, was criticised by families of the victims, who were holding their own remembrances on that day.[163][164][165][166]

Dramatisation

[edit]

The crash was dramatised in season 16 of the Canadian TV series Mayday in an episode entitled "Murder in the Skies".[167] The episode aired on 24 January 2017.[168]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Abbreviated forms of the flight name combine the airline's IATA airline code (4U) or ICAO airline code (GWI) with the flight number.
  2. ^ The aircraft was an Airbus A320-200 model; the suffix '11' signifies it was fitted with CFM International CFM56-5A1 engines.
  3. ^ Includes two passengers with dual Bosnian–German citizenship[31]
  4. ^ Includes one passenger with Spanish–Polish–British citizenship[36][37]
  5. ^ Includes one passenger with dual Mexican–Spanish citizenship[44]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Final Investigation Report: Accident to the Airbus A320-211, registered D-AIPX and operated by Germanwings, flight GWI18G, on 03/24/15 at Prads-Haute-Bléone". Bureau of Enquiry and Analysis for Civil Aviation Safety. 13 March 2016. Archived from the original on 3 February 2019. Retrieved 26 March 2016. – PDF of the English translation of the final report, and the original French version Archived 26 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine (which the BEA notes on PDF p. 2/110 of the English PDF is the primary work of reference)
  2. ^ a b c "Ce que l'on sait du crash de l'Airbus A320 entre Digne et Barcelonnette" [What is known about the crash of the Airbus A320 between Digne and Barcelonnette] (in French). BFMTV. 24 March 2015. Archived from the original on 13 June 2019. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  3. ^ "No survivors from German airliner crash in French Alps". Al Jazeera. 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 24 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  4. ^ "Lufthansa boss says Germanwings crash evidence 'beyond worst nightmare'". France 24. 26 March 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  5. ^ Richards, Victoria (26 March 2015). "Read the full transcript of the Germanwings press conference". The Independent. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  6. ^ Analyzing the Descending Flight of the Germanwings A320 4U9525 on 2015-03-24, from 10:32 to 10:41 (PDF) (Report). Hamburg University of Applied Sciences. 26 March 2015.
  7. ^ a b "Crash of an A320 in south of France – more details". Airlive. Archived from the original on 24 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  8. ^ "(4U) Germanwings 9525 Flight Status". Flightstats. Archived from the original on 25 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  9. ^ "Germanwings (4U) #9525 ✈ 24-Mar-2015 ✈ LEBL / BCN – EDDL / DUS". FlightAware. 24 March 2015. Archived from the original on 24 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  10. ^ a b Clark, Nicola; Bilefsky, Dan (26 March 2015). "Germanwings Pilot Was Locked Out of Cockpit Before Crash in France". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  11. ^ Siddique, Haroon; Willsher, Kim; Topping, Alexandra; Yuhas, Alan; Safi, Michael; Phipps, Claire (25 March 2015). "Germanwings flight 4U9525 crashes in French Alps with 150 on board – live updates". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  12. ^ a b c "As it happened: Airbus A320 crash". BBC News. Archived from the original on 24 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  13. ^ a b "Alps plane crash: What happened?". BBC News. 26 March 2015. Archived from the original on 27 March 2015. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
  14. ^ "What Happened on the Germanwings Flight". The New York Times. 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 25 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  15. ^ "Ce que l'on sait sur le crash de l'A320 dans les Alpes" [What is known about the crash of the A320 in the Alps]. Libération (in French). 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  16. ^ "Germanwings plane crash: Airbus A320 glide to destruction 'took 18 minutes not 8'". The Independent. 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  17. ^ "BEA Pressconference 25.05.2015 slides". BEA. 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  18. ^ a b "Crash: Germanwings A320 near Barcelonnette on Mar 24th 2015, lost height and impacted terrain". The Aviation Herald. Archived from the original on 25 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  19. ^ Rosnoblet, Jean Francois. "German Airbus crashes in French Alps with 150 dead, black box found". Reuters. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  20. ^ a b "German Airbus A320 plane crashes in French Alps". The Guardian. 24 March 2015. Archived from the original on 24 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  21. ^ Withnall, Adam (24 March 2015). "A320 crashes: Germanwings Flight down in southern France". The Independent. Archived from the original on 24 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  22. ^ "Notice F. Thouvenot". isterre.fr (in French). Archived from the original on 9 December 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  23. ^ "Condolencias de MeteoCampoo Accidente GWI9525" [The condolences of MeteoCampoo for the GWI9525 accident] (in Spanish). Meteo Campoo. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  24. ^ "Germanwings Airbus A320 crashes in French Alps with 150 people on board: as it happened". The Daily Telegraph. 24 March 2015. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  25. ^ a b c "Germanwings crash: What happened in the final 30 minutes". BBC News. 23 March 2015. Archived from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  26. ^ "Analysis: Crash of Germanwings Flight 9525 – Investigation and Latest Responses". vindobona.org. 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 26 June 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  27. ^ Gover, Dominic (24 March 2015). "Germanwings Flight 4U9525 crashed in identical spot as 1953 air disaster in French Alps near Barcelonette". International Business Times. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  28. ^ "Plane crashes in French Alps, 150 feared dead". Grand Forks Herald. Reuters. 24 March 2015. Archived from the original on 24 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  29. ^ "150 killed in French Alps aircrash". Echo. Press Association. Archived from the original on 24 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  30. ^ Engel, Pamela; Kelley, Michael B. (24 March 2015). "A plane with 150 people aboard crashed in France – no survivors expected". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  31. ^ "Fehret i Emira iz BiH među žrtvama tragičnog leta". Avaz (in Bosnian). Archived from the original on 6 June 2016. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  32. ^ "Zahl der deutschen Opfer steigt auf 72" [Number of German toll rises to 72]. n-tv (in German). 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 27 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  33. ^ "Spain raises Spanish death toll on Germanwings flight to 51". Reuters. 25 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  34. ^ "Quiénes eran los argentinos fallecidos en la tragedia aérea de Germanwings en Francia" [Who were the Argentinians who died in the Germanwings tragedy in France]. Infobae (in Spanish). 24 March 2015. Archived from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  35. ^ "На борту разбившегося во Франции самолета находились трое граждан Казахстана" [On board the aircraft crashed in France were three citizens of Kazakhstan] (in Russian). Interfax. 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  36. ^ "Katastrofa samolotu Germanwings. 150 osób na pokładzie. Nikt nie przeżył" [Germanwings plane crash. 150 people on board. Nobody survived]. gazeta.pl (in Polish). 24 March 2015. Archived from the original on 25 October 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  37. ^ Gordon Rayner; Josie Ensor (25 March 2015). "Germanwings crash: British victims named as Martyn Matthews, Paul Bramley and Julian Pracz-Bandres". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  38. ^ "Alps air crash killed three Britons, says Hammond". BBC News. 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 25 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  39. ^ "Third American Killed in Germanwings Crash, State Department Says". HuffPost. 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  40. ^ "Germanwings plane crash: Two Australians among 150 victims of Airbus A320 crash, which included 16 school children". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 25 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  41. ^ "Dos colombianos viajaban en el avión que chocó en los Alpes franceses" [Two Colombians were aboard the plane that crashed in the French Alps]. Caracol Radio (in Spanish). 24 March 2015. Archived from the original on 27 September 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  42. ^ "Tasnim Reporter Among Germanwings Crash Victims". Tasnim News Agency. 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  43. ^ "Two Japanese feared dead in French Alps plane crash; voice recorder found". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  44. ^ Iván Saldaña (26 March 2015). "Dora Isela Salas, la otra mexicana víctima del vuelo 9525". Excélsior (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 28 March 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  45. ^ "SRE identifica a 2 mexicanas que murieron en avionazo" [SRE identifies 2 Mexicans who died in a plane crash]. Milenio (in Spanish). Mexico City. 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 26 October 2018. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  46. ^ "ثنائي مغربي ضمن ضحايا الطائرة المتحطّمة على التراب الفرنسي" [Two Moroccan victims were in the aircraft that crashed on French soil]. Hespress (in Arabic). 24 March 2015. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  47. ^ "Germanwings includes two Venezuelans among plane crash victims". El Universal. 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 31 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  48. ^ "Belg onder doden vliegtuigcrash" [Belgian among the dead in airplane crash]. AD (in Dutch). 24 March 2015. Archived from the original on 18 September 2016. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  49. ^ "Chilena figura entre las víctimas fatales de avión accidentado en Francia" [Chilean among the dead victims of the aircraft accident in France]. EMOL (in Spanish). 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 28 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  50. ^ de Stordeur, Gudmund (24 March 2015). "Dansker blandt de omkomne i flystyrt" [Dane died in plane crash]. nyhederne.tv2.dk (in Danish). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  51. ^ Eichner, Itamar (24 March 2015). "Israeli among 150 killed in Germanwings crash named". Yedioth Ahronoth. Archived from the original on 25 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  52. ^ "Zeker één Nederlandse dode bij crash Frankrijk" [Certainly one Dutch dead in France crash] (in Dutch). nos.nl. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  53. ^ "French police confirm – No survivors after plane crash – as it happened". News24. 24 March 2015. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  54. ^ "Germanwings Flight 9525 crash: 2 Americans among 150 killed". AL.com. 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 28 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  55. ^ "Germanwings A320 Crash Victims Include 15 German Schoolchildren, Local Media Reports". International Business Times. 24 March 2015. Archived from the original on 25 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  56. ^ "As Night Falls, Officials Call Off Search Operation For German Plane". wusfnews. wusf.usf.edu. 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
  57. ^ "Germanwings plane crash: two opera singers confirmed among dead". The Guardian. 24 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
  58. ^ Humphreys, Garry (26 March 2015). "Maria Radner: Internationally acclaimed contralto who was due to make her Bayreuth Festival debut later this year". The Independent. Archived from the original on 1 October 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  59. ^ Shoichet, Catherine E. (31 March 2015). "Who was Patrick Sondenheimer, the captain of Germanwings Flight 9525?". CNN. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  60. ^ a b c d e f Sawer, Patrick (29 March 2015). "Andreas Lubitz: Everything we know about Germanwings plane crash co-pilot". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
  61. ^ "Germanwings Co-Pilot Named as Andreas Lubitz". The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Co. 26 March 2015. Archived from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  62. ^ "Germanwings crash: Who was co-pilot Andreas Lubitz?". BBC News. 23 March 2015. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  63. ^ Kozlowska, Hanna (26 March 2015). "What we know so far about Andreas Lubitz, the co-pilot who "deliberately" crashed the Germanwings plane". Quartz. Archived from the original on 13 April 2019. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
  64. ^ Kulish, Nicholas; Clark, Nicola (18 April 2015). "Germanwings Crash Exposes History of Denial on Risk of Pilot Suicide". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 18 April 2015.
  65. ^ "Andreas Lubitz: first picture of Germanwings co-pilot's father emerges". The Daily Telegraph. 1 April 2015. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022.
  66. ^ a b "Germanwings Flight 9525 co-pilot said to be "happy" with his job". CBS News. 26 March 2015. Archived from the original on 28 August 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2015.
  67. ^ "Lufthansa flight school knew of crash pilot's depression". Reuters. 31 March 2015. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  68. ^ a b "Germanwings plane crash: Reports co-pilot suffered from depression six years ago as police search homes; pilot bashed cockpit door with axe". ABC News. 27 March 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  69. ^ "Germanwings Plane Crash Investigation". The Guardian. 26 March 2015. Archived from the original on 5 February 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  70. ^ "Lufthansa helps investigation progress". Germany: lufthansagroup.com. 31 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 18 April 2015.
  71. ^ "Officials: German pilot in crash trained in Goodyear". The Arizona Republic. Phoenix. 26 March 2015. Archived from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 28 March 2015. Ruecker said Lubitz also trained in Goodyear, Arizona.
  72. ^ Ewing, Jack; Eddy, Melissa (26 March 2015). "Andreas Lubitz, Who Loved to Fly, Ended Up on a Mysterious and Deadly Course". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
  73. ^ a b c "Germanwings crash: Pilot confidentiality 'should be relaxed'". BBC News. 13 March 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  74. ^ "FBI assisting in crash investigation". CNN. 26 March 2015. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  75. ^ "Germanwings Flight 9525 co-pilot deliberately crashed plane, officials say". CNN. Archived from the original on 8 April 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  76. ^ "Germanwings plane black box found as investigators reach crash site". The Guardian. 24 March 2015. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  77. ^ "French Interior Minister says crashed Germanwings plane's voice recorder damaged, but 'usable'". Fox News. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  78. ^ "Accident d'un Airbus A 320–211 immatriculé D-AIPX, vol GWI18G, survenu le 24 mars 2015" [Accident of an Airbus A320-211 registered D-AIPX, flight GWI18G, occurred on March 24, 2015]. BEA (in French). Archived from the original on 10 April 2016. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  79. ^ Hepher, Tim (25 March 2015). "Useable voice recording recovered from Alps crash: investigators". Reuters. Paris. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  80. ^ a b "Germanwings crash: Co-pilot Lubitz 'researched suicide'". BBC News. 2 April 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
  81. ^ a b Kulish, Nicholas; Eddy, Melissa; Clark, Nicola (2 April 2015). "Germanwings Pilot Searched Web About Suicide and Cockpit Doors, Officials Say". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2015.
  82. ^ a b Brown, Pamela; Smith-Spark, Laura; Pleitgen, Frederik (25 April 2015). "Germanwings crash: Co-pilot researched suicide methods, cockpit doors". CNN. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  83. ^ "Germanwings Crash Site: Body Parts Found For All 150 Victims, French Prosecutor Says". International Business Times. 2 April 2015. Archived from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2015.
  84. ^ a b Hepher, Tim; Rosnoblet, Jean-Francois (27 March 2015). "Co-pilot suspected of deliberately crashing Germanwings jet". Reuters. Archived from the original on 14 January 2016. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  85. ^ a b c Clark, Nicola; Bilefsky, Dan (26 March 2015). "Fatal Descent of Germanwings Plane Was 'Deliberate,' French Authorities Say". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 31 July 2018. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  86. ^ "Germanwings Flight 4U9525: Co-pilot put plane into descent, prosecutor says". CBC News. 26 March 2015. Archived from the original on 8 December 2020. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  87. ^ Willsher, Kim (26 March 2015). "Germanwings plane deliberately flown into mountain, says prosecutor". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
  88. ^ a b Cooke, Henry (27 March 2015). "CAA changes cockpit policy following Germanwings crash". Fairfax New Zealand. Archived from the original on 26 June 2018. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  89. ^ "Germanwings Crash: How the Lock on the Cockpit Door Works". The New York Times. 26 March 2015. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  90. ^ Willsher, Kim (26 March 2015). "Germanwings plane deliberately flown into mountain, says prosecutor". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
  91. ^ "Germanwings Airbus A320 tragedy: cockpit recordings reveal co-pilot Andreas Lubitz crashed plane deliberately". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
  92. ^ Mouawad, Jad; Drew, Christopher (26 March 2015). "Post-Sept. 11, Cockpits Are Built to Protect From Outside Threats". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 11 February 2021. Retrieved 3 June 2018.
  93. ^ "Germanwings plane crash: Pilot locked out of cockpit before aircraft hit French Alps, says investigator, German state prosecutor". ABC News. Australia. 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 11 April 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  94. ^ Hinnant, Lori; McHugh, Dave (26 March 2015). "Alone at controls, co-pilot sought to 'destroy' the plane". MSN. Archived from the original on 26 January 2018. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  95. ^ "Germanwings plane crash: Co-pilot of flight appears to have crashed plane deliberately, French prosecutor says". ABC News. Australia. 27 March 2015. Archived from the original on 15 April 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  96. ^ Henley, Jon (26 March 2015). "The last minutes of Germanwings flight 4U9525". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
  97. ^ "Germanwings crash: Co-pilot Lubitz 'accelerated descent'". BBC News. 3 April 2015. Archived from the original on 5 April 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  98. ^ Clark, Nicola (3 April 2015). "Germanwings Co-Pilot Accelerated During Descent, Data From 2nd Recorder Shows". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
  99. ^ "Germanwings crash: Co-pilot Lubitz 'practised rapid descent'". BBC News. 6 May 2015. Archived from the original on 6 May 2015. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  100. ^ "Preliminary Report" (PDF). Bureau of Enquiry and Analysis for Civil Aviation Safety. 24 March 2015. p. 29. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 29 February 2016. He then intentionally modified the autopilot instructions to order the aeroplane to descend until it collided with the terrain.
  101. ^ "Airbus 320 crash: What we known about A320 co-pilot Andreas Lubitz". News.com.au. 28 March 2015. Archived from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2015. but hid his illness from his employer and colleagues.
  102. ^ "Germanwings plane crash: Police say 'significant discovery' at home of co-pilot Andreas Lubitz is not a suicide note". The Belfast Telegraph. 27 March 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  103. ^ "Germanwings plane crash: Co-pilot 'wanted to destroy plane'". BBC News. 27 March 2015. Archived from the original on 18 July 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  104. ^ Pearson, Michael; Smith-Spark, Laura; Karimi, Faith (27 March 2015). "Germanwings co-pilot Andreas Lubitz declared 'unfit to work,' officials say". CNN. Archived from the original on 27 March 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015. Germanwings co-pilot Andreas Lubitz was hiding an illness from his employers and had been declared "unfit to work" by a doctor, according to German authorities investigating what could have prompted the seemingly competent and stable pilot to steer his jetliner into a French mountain.
  105. ^ "Germanwings crash: Co-pilot Lubitz 'hid illness'". BBC News. 27 March 2015. Archived from the original on 27 March 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  106. ^ "Germanwings co-pilot Andreas Lubitz hid illness from employers – Business Insider". Business Insider. 27 March 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  107. ^ Kauh, Elaine (27 March 2015). "Investigators: Germanwings Co-pilot Concealed Medical Treatment". AVweb. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  108. ^ "Germanwings Flight 4U9525 co-pilot Andreas Lubitz 'hid illness' from employer". CBC News. 27 March 2015. Archived from the original on 14 February 2017. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  109. ^ "Germanwings plane crash: Co-pilot had been treated for suicidal tendencies, prosecutors say". ABC News (Australia). 31 March 2015. Archived from the original on 10 April 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  110. ^ a b "Germanwings crash: BEA calls for less medical secrecy for pilots". Euronews. 13 March 2016. Archived from the original on 23 May 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  111. ^ a b "Report on crash of Germanwings Flight 9525 released". CBS News. 13 March 2016. Archived from the original on 23 May 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  112. ^ "Reports: Antidepressants found at home of co-pilot Andreas Lubitz". CNN. 28 March 2015. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
  113. ^ "Andreas Lubitz 'repeatedly urged Germanwings captain to leave him alone' before setting A320 on path to French Alps crash". The Independent. Archived from the original on 12 May 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
  114. ^ a b Keaton, Jamey (11 June 2015). "Germanwings Co-Pilot Feared Going Blind". ABC News. Archived from the original on 11 June 2015. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  115. ^ a b c "Germanwings crash: French prosecutors open new probe". BBC News. 11 June 2015. Archived from the original on 22 August 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  116. ^ "Germanwings Flight 4U9525: Flight school knew of depressive episode". CBC News. 31 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
  117. ^ Calamur, Krishnadev; Chappell, Bill (30 March 2015). "Germanwings Crash: Co-Pilot Was Treated For Suicidal Tendencies". NPR. Archived from the original on 23 May 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
  118. ^ Northam, Jackie (30 April 2015). "Documents Show FAA Questioned Mental Fitness of Germanwings Co-Pilot Andreas Lubitz". NPR. Archived from the original on 14 June 2015. Retrieved 1 May 2015.
  119. ^ a b "Germanwings co-pilot Andreas Lubitz feared going blind, visited many doctors". CNN. 11 June 2015. Archived from the original on 11 June 2015. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  120. ^ "Germanwings Co-Pilot Contacted Dozens of Doctors". AVweb. 5 June 2015. Archived from the original on 12 June 2015. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
  121. ^ "'The plane is disintegrated': 150 dead as Airbus A320 goes down in Southern France". National Post. Toronto, Canada. 24 March 2015. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  122. ^ a b "Germanwings plane 4U 9525 crashes in French Alps – no survivors". BBC News. 24 March 2015. Archived from the original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  123. ^ "Angela Merkel to travel to Germanwings crash site". ITV News. 24 March 2015. Archived from the original on 24 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  124. ^ Botelho, Greg; Smith-Spark, Laura; Hanna, Jason (24 March 2015). "France plane crash: No survivors expected, French President says". CNN. Archived from the original on 24 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  125. ^ "Hollande, Merkel, Rajoy visit Germanwings A320 crash site". Radio France Internationale. 25 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  126. ^ "Germanwings Airbus A320 Crash: Haltern Weeps for Teens on Doomed Flight". NBC News. 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 12 April 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  127. ^ "Lufthansa boss says past hours 'darkest in 60-year history'". ITV News. 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2 May 2019. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  128. ^ "Distraught Germanwings pilots refuse to fly". CNN. 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 28 March 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  129. ^ "Germanwings Retires Flight Number 4U9525; New Flight Numbers from 25MAR15". airlineroute.net. Archived from the original on 29 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  130. ^ "In reversal, crash-hit Lufthansa agrees to two-crew in cockpit rule". Fortune. 27 March 2015. Archived from the original on 1 April 2015. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
  131. ^ "Lufthansa will now keep two crew members in cockpits". CNN. 27 March 2015. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
  132. ^ Bryan, Victoria (28 March 2015). "Germanwings plane crash: Lufthansa to require two crew members in cockpit at all times". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 26 June 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
  133. ^ "Germanwings Flight 4U9525: Canadian airlines told to have 2 people in the cockpit". CBC News. 27 March 2015. Archived from the original on 21 June 2017. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  134. ^ "Germanwings Crash: How the Aviation Industry Has Reacted". The Wall Street Journal. 27 March 2015. Archived from the original on 26 June 2018. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  135. ^ Freed, Jamie (30 March 2015). "'Rule of two': Australia to require two in a cockpit at all times in wake of Germanwings tragedy". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 26 June 2018. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
  136. ^ "EASA recommends minimum two crew in the cockpit". EASA. 27 March 2015. Archived from the original on 26 January 2019. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
  137. ^ "Germanwings crash: airlines change cockpit rules after co-pilot blamed – as it happened". The Guardian. 26 March 2015. Archived from the original on 5 February 2017. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  138. ^ "Germanwings investigators find torn-up sicknote in co-pilot's home". The Guardian. 27 March 2015. Archived from the original on 30 April 2019. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  139. ^ "Germanwings Flight 4U9525 co-pilot Andreas Lubitz 'hid illness' from employer". CBC News. 27 March 2015. Archived from the original on 14 February 2017. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  140. ^ "Minimum Cockpit Occupancy: EASA issues revised Safety Information Bulletin" (Press release). EASA. 26 July 2016. Archived from the original on 9 October 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  141. ^ "German airlines drop safety rule prompted by Germanwings crash". BBC News. 28 April 2017. Archived from the original on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  142. ^ "Statement on the Germanwings disaster". British Psychological Society. 27 March 2015. Archived from the original on 12 July 2015. Retrieved 1 May 2015.
  143. ^ "EFPA News: European (Aviation) Psychologists react to crash Germanwings flight 4U 9525". Efpa.eu. 30 March 2015. Archived from the original on 1 July 2015. Retrieved 1 May 2015.
  144. ^ Niles, Russ (24 May 2015). "Random Pilot Mental Health Tests Proposed". AVweb. Archived from the original on 25 May 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
  145. ^ Sheahan, Maria (22 May 2015). "Lufthansa CEO advocates random psych tests for pilots: FAZ". Reuters. Archived from the original on 27 July 2018. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
  146. ^ Laurence Le Poder (10 April 2018). "Managing the emotional impact of disaster relief: The Gendarmerie Nationale and the crash of Germanwings Flight 952". Global Business and Organizational Excellence. 37 (4): 48–57. doi:10.1002/JOE.21863. ISSN 1932-2054. Wikidata Q56522025.
  147. ^ a b "Lufthansa offers victims' families initial 50,000 euros". Deutsche Welle. 27 March 2015. Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
  148. ^ Zubarev, Leonid (5 March 2013). "Montreal Convention of 1999 – new rules for international carriage by air". Globe Business Media Group. Archived from the original on 13 June 2024. Retrieved 26 June 2015.
  149. ^ "Germanwings insurer sets aside $300 million to pay victims' families". Deutsche Welle. 31 March 2015. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  150. ^ "Lufthansa Expects Insurance Claim of $300 Million After Germanwings Plane Crash". The Wall Street Journal. 31 March 2015. Archived from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  151. ^ Rosenkranz, Justine; Suckow, Martin (11 March 2017). "Germanwings: Kein höheres Schmerzensgeld für Angehörige" [No higher compensation for relatives]. Tagesschau (in German). ARD. Archived from the original on 3 October 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
  152. ^ "US-Gericht weist Klage zu Germanwings-Absturz ab" [US court rejects Germanwings crash lawsuit]. Deutsche Welle (in German). 28 March 2017. Archived from the original on 9 April 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2021.
  153. ^ "Lufthansa muss Opferfamilien nicht entschädigen" [Lufthansa does not have to compensate victims' families]. Süddeutsche.de (in German). 1 July 2020. Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2021.
  154. ^ Zimmermann, Konstantin (15 September 2021). "Hinterbliebene scheitern erneut mit Schadensersatzforderung" [The bereaved fail again with a claim for damages]. Die Zeit (in German). Archived from the original on 18 July 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2021.
  155. ^ Campbell, James (8 November 2021). "Hull man, 28, killed by 'psychotic' pilot who flew airliner into mountain". HullLive. Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
  156. ^ "Flowers surround memorial for Alps crash victims". ITV. 27 March 2015. Archived from the original on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
  157. ^ Connolly, Kate (17 April 2015). "Germanwings flight relatives attend memorial service in Cologne". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  158. ^ "Alps plane crash: Memorial service held in Cologne". BBC News. 17 April 2015. Archived from the original on 7 August 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  159. ^ "Germanwings crash: School victims return home". BBC News. 10 June 2015. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  160. ^ "Germanwings crash: Victims' remains land in Duesseldorf". BBC News. 10 June 2015. Archived from the original on 23 June 2024. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  161. ^ "Germanwings : une sculpture en mémoire des victimes hélitreuillée dans les Alpes". leparisien.fr (in French). 28 September 2017. Archived from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
  162. ^ "4U9525 – Sonnenkugel". Lufthansa Group (in German). Archived from the original on 20 August 2024. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
  163. ^ Rothwell, James (24 March 2017). "Father of Germanwings suicide pilot Andreas Lubitz angers victims' families as he protests son's innocence". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022.
  164. ^ "My son was not depressed,' father of Germanwings co-pilot says". Deutsche Welle. 24 March 2017. Archived from the original on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
  165. ^ "Vater des Piloten erhebt schwere Vorwürfe gegen Ermittler" [Father of the pilot raises serious accusations against investigators]. Die Zeit (in German). 22 March 2017. Archived from the original on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
  166. ^ "Vater von Andreas Lubitz: 'Unser Sohn war zum Zeitpunkt des Absturzes nicht depressiv'" [Our son was not depressed at the time of the crash]. Stern (in German). 24 March 2017. Archived from the original on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
  167. ^ "Murder in the Skies". Mayday. Season 16. National Geographic Channel. Archived from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
  168. ^ "Season 16, Episode 7 [S14 E6 for the US]'Murder in the Skies'". TV Guide. 24 January 2017. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Germanwings Flight 9525.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Germanwings_Flight_9525&oldid=1256995331"